晚上一个人看的视频在线播放-MD传媒APP入口免费网址-琪琪视频在线观看-中文字幕人妻A片免费看-强壮的公次次弄得我高潮A片日本-国内精品一卡二卡三卡公司-亚洲精品久久久久久久蜜臀老牛-久久视频在线视频观看:

Once considered as a metabolic waste, lactate is now recognized as a major fuel for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our metabolic flux analysis reveals that skeletal muscle mainly uses lactate to fuel TCA cycle. Lactate is transported through the cell membrane via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in which MCT1 is highly expressed in the muscle. We analyzed how MCT1 affects muscle functions using mice with specific deletion of MCT1 in skeletal muscle. MCT1 deletion enhances running performance, increases oxidative fibers while decreasing glycolytic fibers, and enhances flux of glucose to TCA cycle. MCT1 deficiency increases the expression of mitochondrial proteins, augments cell respiration rate, and elevates mitochondrial activity in the muscle. Mechanistically, the protein level of PGC-1 alpha, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is elevated upon loss of MCT1 via increases in cellular NAD(+) level and SIRT1 activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MCT1-mediated lactate shuttle plays a key role in regulating muscle functions by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and TCA flux.